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Abbreviation: AI
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Long Form No. Long Form Research Area Co-occurring Abbreviation PubMed/MEDLINE Info. (Year, Title)
artificial intelligence
(9873 times)
Medical Informatics
(821 times)
ML (838 times)
DL (400 times)
AUC (369 times)
1979 Problem-solving models and search strategies for pattern recognition.
artificial insemination
(1761 times)
Veterinary Medicine
(1172 times)
CL (71 times)
P/AI (66 times)
TAI (52 times)
1974 Vibriosis: demonstration of Vibrio fetus and Vibrio bubulus organisms in preputial fluid by immunofluorescence and cultural techniques.
apoptotic index
(1047 times)
Neoplasms
(273 times)
TUNEL (149 times)
PI (141 times)
MI (60 times)
1978 The size of the aortic arch: a suitable criterion for differentiating between congenital heart diseases with left-to-right shunt?
aromatase inhibitor
(831 times)
Neoplasms
(453 times)
ER (90 times)
HR (64 times)
BC (54 times)
1994 Effect of blocking oestrogen synthesis with a new generation aromatase inhibitor CGS 16949A on follicular maturation induced by pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin in the immature rat.
avian influenza
(663 times)
Veterinary Medicine
(303 times)
HPAI (116 times)
HA (71 times)
HI (66 times)
1975 Further studies on the adjuvant effect of an interferon inducer (BRL 5907) on Newcastle disease and avian influenza inactivated vaccines.
adrenal insufficiency
(508 times)
Endocrinology
(200 times)
ACTH (64 times)
GC (37 times)
HPA (30 times)
1988 Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis immediately after pituitary adenomectomy: is perioperative steroid therapy necessary?
American Indian
(459 times)
Public Health
(83 times)
AN (29 times)
OR (17 times)
CI (16 times)
1989 Using 1990 national MCH objectives to assess health status and risk in an American Indian community.
augmentation index
(406 times)
Vascular Diseases
(145 times)
PWV (132 times)
BP (64 times)
FMD (32 times)
1996 Validation of carotid artery tonometry as a means of estimating augmentation index of ascending aortic pressure.
amelogenesis imperfecta
(388 times)
Dentistry
(198 times)
ENAM (18 times)
SEM (16 times)
AMBN (7 times)
1979 Amelogenesis imperfecta among Israeli Jews and the description of a new type of local hypoplastic autosomal recessive amelogenesis imperfecta.
10  aortic insufficiency
(382 times)
Cardiology
(216 times)
AS (62 times)
AVR (57 times)
LVAD (45 times)
1974 Cardiovascular manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis.
11  auditory cortex
(339 times)
Neurology
(197 times)
CF (27 times)
AAF (26 times)
FM (15 times)
1974 Neural encoding of sound location: an electrophysiological study in auditory cortex (AI) of the cat using free field stimuli.
12  activity index
(319 times)
Allergy and Immunology
(39 times)
CI (42 times)
LN (34 times)
SLE (15 times)
1980 An index of inflammatory activity in patients with Crohn's disease.
13  atherogenic index
(271 times)
Medicine
(28 times)
TC (97 times)
TG (89 times)
HDL-C (69 times)
1981 [Genetic analysis of the correlation of the cholesterol concentrations of blood plasma lipoproteins].
14  apnea index
(270 times)
Pulmonary Medicine
(55 times)
AHI (91 times)
OSA (63 times)
OSAS (42 times)
1983 Respiratory pauses in normal prematurely born infants. A comparison with full-term newborns.
15  anterior insula
(266 times)
Neurology
(68 times)
fMRI (41 times)
ACC (37 times)
dACC (37 times)
1997 The autonomic-related cortex: pathology in Alzheimer's disease.
16  allelic imbalance
(262 times)
Neoplasms
(162 times)
LOH (36 times)
MSI (20 times)
PCR (15 times)
1993 Genetic alterations of the TP53 gene, p53 protein expression and HPV infection in primary cervical carcinomas.
17  adequate intake
(249 times)
Nutritional Sciences
(114 times)
EAR (56 times)
RDA (33 times)
UL (30 times)
1997 Effect of calcium supplementation is greater in prepubertal girls with low calcium intake.
18  angiotensin I
(238 times)
Pharmacology
(84 times)
AII (116 times)
ACE (78 times)
PRA (27 times)
1974 Renal hypertension in rats immunized against angiotensin I and angiotensin II.
19  asymmetry index
(225 times)
Neurology
(58 times)
SPECT (22 times)
MRI (16 times)
CBF (14 times)
1986 [Disruptions of hemispheric blood flow and deep cerebral hematomas].
20  acetabular index
(201 times)
Orthopedics
(137 times)
DDH (76 times)
CEA (37 times)
LCEA (22 times)
1990 Acetabular development in congenital dislocation on the hip.
21  androgen-independent
(153 times)
Neoplasms
(68 times)
AD (56 times)
AR (42 times)
PCa (35 times)
1985 Phenotypic stability of mouse mammary tumor cells cultured on collagen gels.
22  adrenal incidentaloma
(145 times)
Endocrinology
(79 times)
SH (22 times)
ACS (16 times)
DST (15 times)
1997 Serum markers of bone and collagen turnover in patients with Cushing's syndrome and in subjects with adrenal incidentalomas.
23  anal incontinence
(144 times)
Gynecology
(68 times)
UI (38 times)
POP (23 times)
OASIS (14 times)
1992 New grading and scoring for anal incontinence. Evaluation of 335 patients.
24  ablation index
(133 times)
Cardiology
(95 times)
AF (67 times)
PVI (60 times)
RF (40 times)
2016 Ablation index, a novel marker of ablation lesion quality: prediction of pulmonary vein reconnection at repeat electrophysiology study and regional differences in target values.
25  arthritis index
(90 times)
Complementary Therapies
(29 times)
CIA (41 times)
RA (29 times)
AA (24 times)
1975 Physiopathological aspect of Glynn's type of experimental arthritis.
26  autoinducer
(77 times)
Microbiology
(24 times)
QS (43 times)
AHL (8 times)
AHLs (3 times)
1996 Purification and characterization of LasR as a DNA-binding protein.
27  aggregation index
(72 times)
Vascular Diseases
(19 times)
RBC (15 times)
EI (11 times)
PD (8 times)
1979 [Sensitivity of human and pigeon erythrocytes to rubella virus].
28  anemia of inflammation
(64 times)
Hematology
(20 times)
IDA (12 times)
IL-6 (6 times)
sTfR (6 times)
2001 The ratio of serum transferrin receptor and serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron status.
29  appreciative inquiry
(62 times)
Nursing
(24 times)
PAR (2 times)
PHCs (2 times)
WRs (2 times)
2002 Going home from hospital -- an appreciative inquiry study.
30  antibody index
(61 times)
Neurology
(20 times)
CSF (32 times)
LNB (14 times)
MS (13 times)
1993 Intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies in neuroborreliosis. Comparison of different ELISA techniques and calculation methods.
31  acromion index
(58 times)
Orthopedics
(28 times)
CSA (43 times)
LAA (22 times)
MRI (9 times)
2010 RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY ON THE ACROMION INDEX AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ROTATOR CUFF TEARS.
32  autoimmune
(57 times)
Allergy and Immunology
(7 times)
SLE (5 times)
Abs (4 times)
RA (4 times)
1983 Myasthenia gravis: overlap with 'polyendocrine' autoimmunity.
33  anal intercourse
(53 times)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(19 times)
MSM (17 times)
aOR (6 times)
CI (6 times)
1977 Prevalence, goals and complications of heterosexual anal intercourse in a gynecologic population.
34  atherosclerosis index
(53 times)
Complementary Therapies
(11 times)
TC (23 times)
TG (23 times)
LDL-C (20 times)
1988 A nation-wide study of atherosclerosis in infants, children and young adults in Japan.
35  articulation index
(52 times)
Audiology
(45 times)
STI (5 times)
AV (2 times)
NI (2 times)
1980 A physical method for measuring speech-transmission quality.
36  anti-inflammatory
(49 times)
Chemistry
(23 times)
COX-2 (7 times)
NO (5 times)
PBS (5 times)
1978 A comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of copper aspirinate and other copper salts in the rat and guinea pig.
37  arousal index
(42 times)
Neurology
(9 times)
AHI (23 times)
PSG (13 times)
OSA (12 times)
1998 Effect of age on EEG arousals in normal sleep.
38  Ambulation Index
(41 times)
Neurology
(31 times)
EDSS (32 times)
MS (20 times)
MRI (5 times)
1992 Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate for chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Design of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with sample size benefits from a composite outcome variable including preliminary data on toxicity.
39  asynchrony index
(37 times)
Critical Care
(16 times)
PSV (17 times)
NAVA (14 times)
MV (9 times)
2008 Physiologic response to varying levels of pressure support and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in patients with acute respiratory failure.
40  autoinjector
(37 times)
Drug Therapy
(10 times)
PFS (20 times)
PK (9 times)
s.c (7 times)
2013 A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a diazepam auto-injector administered by caregivers to patients with epilepsy who require intermittent intervention for acute repetitive seizures.
41  artifact index
(34 times)
Radiology
(16 times)
CNR (8 times)
CT (6 times)
FBP (6 times)
2015 Analysis of metal artifact reduction tools for dental hardware in CT scans of the oral cavity: kVp, iterative reconstruction, dual-energy CT, metal artifact reduction software: does it make a difference?
42  after infection
(33 times)
Tropical Medicine
(6 times)
CI (5 times)
PI (3 times)
BVDV (2 times)
1982 Electron microscopic study on the development of Babesia ovis (Piroplasmia) in the salivary glands of the vector tick Rhipicephalus bursa.
43  anchorage-independent
(33 times)
Neoplasms
(18 times)
AD (6 times)
TPA (3 times)
EGF (2 times)
1981 Induction of anchorage-independent growth in human fibroblasts by propane sultone.
44  acid invertase
(32 times)
Botany
(10 times)
SPS (18 times)
SS (18 times)
NI (14 times)
1993 Vascular cambial sucrose metabolism and growth in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in relation to transplanting stress.
45  aortic valve insufficiency
(32 times)
Cardiology
(14 times)
LVAD (5 times)
AS (2 times)
AVR (2 times)
1976 Noninvasive measurement of velocity profiles and blood flow in the common carotid artery by pulsed Doppler ultrasound.
46  aortic incompetence
(30 times)
Cardiology
(27 times)
AS (5 times)
AVR (5 times)
LV (3 times)
1978 Comparison between apexcardiographic and angiographic indexes of left ventricular performance in patients with aortic incompetence.
47  acceleration index
(26 times)
Radiology
(8 times)
AT (11 times)
RI (8 times)
E/I (5 times)
1983 A new spirometric parameter in clinical pharmacology.
48  acircularity index
(26 times)
Ophthalmology
(16 times)
OCTA (23 times)
FAZ (22 times)
SCP (14 times)
2018 Optical coherence tomography angiography findings of neurovascular changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without clinical diabetic retinopathy.
49  air insufflation
(26 times)
Gastroenterology
(17 times)
WE (15 times)
ADR (13 times)
WI (11 times)
1991 Airway insufflation. Increasing flow rates progressively reduce dead space in respiratory failure.
50  Acne inversa
(25 times)
Dermatology
(13 times)
NCSTN (4 times)
DDD (2 times)
HS (2 times)
2010 Gamma-secretase gene mutations in familial acne inversa.
51  airway inflammation
(25 times)
Allergy and Immunology
(9 times)
AHR (15 times)
OVA (8 times)
AWR (5 times)
1999 Role of the Th2 cytokines in the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.
52  aortoiliac
(23 times)
Vascular Diseases
(14 times)
FP (5 times)
PAD (4 times)
EIA (3 times)
1980 Hyperemic response for accurate diagnosis of arterial insufficiency.
53  Astragalus injection
(23 times)
Complementary Therapies
(17 times)
LVEF (4 times)
CHF (3 times)
CI (2 times)
2002 [Effects of Astragaloside in treating myocardial injury and myocardial Sarco/Endoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase of viral myocarditis mice].
54  Azadirachta indica
(23 times)
Pharmacology
(3 times)
ALE (2 times)
CL (2 times)
MC (2 times)
2003 Lens aldose reductase inhibiting potential of some indigenous plants.
55  Autobiographical Interview
(22 times)
Neurology
(12 times)
AM (5 times)
ABM (3 times)
AMI (2 times)
2009 Determinants of autobiographical memory in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy or excisions.
56  axonal injury
(21 times)
Neurology
(14 times)
TBI (6 times)
APP (5 times)
BBB (3 times)
1995 Topography of axonal injury as defined by amyloid precursor protein and the sector scoring method in mild and severe closed head injury.
57  adhesio interthalamica
(20 times)
Psychiatry
(15 times)
CSP (9 times)
MRI (5 times)
FEP (2 times)
1998 Absence of the adhesio interthalamica as a marker of early developmental neuropathology in schizophrenia: an MRI and postmortem histologic study.
58  aluminum
(19 times)
Toxicology
(3 times)
Si (3 times)
PTH (2 times)
A/G (1 time)
1982 Aluminum loading during total parenteral nutrition.
59  arginase I
(19 times)
Molecular Biology
(7 times)
AII (6 times)
NOS (2 times)
OAT (2 times)
1993 Arginase deficiency manifesting delayed clinical sequelae and induction of a kidney arginase isozyme.
60  Asian Indian
(19 times)
Public Health
(6 times)
BA (2 times)
AAAs (1 time)
ACEs (1 time)
2006 Vascular phenotype and subclinical inflammation in diabetic Asian Indians without overt cardiovascular disease.
61  Activity Inventory
(18 times)
Ophthalmology
(9 times)
LVR (4 times)
AMD (2 times)
NEI-VFQ (2 times)
2007 The Activity Inventory: an adaptive visual function questionnaire.
62  adiposity index
(18 times)
Nutritional Sciences
(4 times)
Chr (3 times)
BMI (2 times)
BW (2 times)
1999 Gene-environment interaction: a significant diet-dependent obesity locus demonstrated in a congenic segment on mouse chromosome 7.
63  antegonial index
(18 times)
Dentistry
(14 times)
MI (15 times)
MCI (14 times)
PMI (13 times)
2001 Variability in measurement of radiomorphometric indices by general dental practitioners.
64  articular index
(18 times)
Rheumatology
(7 times)
RA (7 times)
ESR (4 times)
CIA (3 times)
1981 The assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis using a multivariate analysis.
65  accommodative insufficiency
(16 times)
Optometry
(9 times)
CI (6 times)
CISS (4 times)
NBV (3 times)
1999 Frequency of convergence insufficiency among fifth and sixth graders. The Convergence Insufficiency and Reading Study (CIRS) group.
66  apoptosis
(16 times)
Neoplasms
(5 times)
PI (8 times)
5-FU (2 times)
BC (1 time)
1977 Circadian rhythms of presumptive stem cells in three different epithelia of the mouse.
67  atherogenicity
(16 times)
Nutritional Sciences
(3 times)
TI (15 times)
hH (5 times)
PUFA (5 times)
2016 Indices of dietary fat quality during midpregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes.
68  autoregulation index
(16 times)
Physiology
(6 times)
CBF (5 times)
RBF (4 times)
SAH (4 times)
1975 Disordered cholinergic neurotransmission and dysautoregulation after acute cerebral infarction.
69  activity
(15 times)
Nephrology
(4 times)
CI (7 times)
CD (2 times)
LN (2 times)
1983 Studies in antifertility agents--Part XLI : Secosteroids--X : Syntheses of various stereoisomers of (+/-) 2,6 beta -diethyl-7 alpha -ethynyl-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-trans-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7 beta-ol.
70  acute ileus
(15 times)
General Surgery
(13 times)
DP (1 time)
EIS (1 time)
PSC (1 time)
1989 [Laparoscopy in acute intestinal obstruction].
71  acute inflammation
(15 times)
Communicable Diseases
(2 times)
CI (6 times)
CD (2 times)
EGF (2 times)
1995 Histopathological characteristics of explanted human prosthetic arterial grafts: implications for the prevention and management of graft infection.
72  androgen-insensitive
(15 times)
Urology
(6 times)
AS (8 times)
AR (6 times)
PCa (3 times)
1982 Defective activation of androgen-receptor complexes: a marker of androgen insensitivity.
73  anisotropy index
(15 times)
Diagnostic Imaging
(5 times)
FA (6 times)
ADC (5 times)
DTI (4 times)
1999 Water diffusion in the human hippocampus in epilepsy.
74  auditory field
(15 times)
Neurology
(5 times)
AAF (3 times)
VP (3 times)
BFs (2 times)
1980 Tonotopic organization in auditory cortex of the cat.
75  l-arabinose isomerase
(15 times)
Biotechnology
(4 times)
BHAI (2 times)
GKAI (2 times)
GSAI (2 times)
2004 Characterization of a thermostable L-arabinose (D-galactose) isomerase from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima.
76  ab initio
(14 times)
Chemistry
(12 times)
QM/MM (7 times)
SE (5 times)
DA (2 times)
2006 Towards accurate ab initio QM/MM calculations of free-energy profiles of enzymatic reactions.
77  adult intussusception
(14 times)
Surgical Procedures, Operative
(5 times)
CT (4 times)
BAT (1 time)
CI (1 time)
2009 Adult intussusception: a retrospective review of 41 cases.
78  anterior-inferior
(14 times)
Orthopedics
(5 times)
AS (9 times)
PI (9 times)
PS (8 times)
2004 Glenoid suture anchor fixation strength: Effect of insertion angle.
79  apoptotic
(14 times)
Neoplasms
(5 times)
MI (7 times)
PI (5 times)
bcl-2I (1 time)
1996 Apoptosis and mitosis in oral and oropharyngeal epithelia: evidence for a topographical switch in premalignant lesions.
80  acoustic intensity
(13 times)
Cardiology
(4 times)
DC (2 times)
ET (2 times)
MI (2 times)
2002 Myocardial and microcirculatory kinetics of BR14, a novel third-generation intravenous ultrasound contrast agent.
81  acrosome integrity
(13 times)
Reproductive Medicine
(6 times)
PM (5 times)
PMI (5 times)
EG (4 times)
2016 Effect on post-cryopreserved semen characteristics of Holstein bulls of adding combinations of vitamin C and either catalase or reduced glutathione to Tris extender.
82  adaptability index
(13 times)
Natural Science Disciplines
(2 times)
AIT (1 time)
AL (1 time)
ALB (1 time)
1992 Clinical diagnosis of trauma from occlusion and its relation with severity of periodontitis.
83  after inoculation
(13 times)
Neurology
(2 times)
BI (2 times)
MEP (2 times)
aa (1 time)
1979 Demyelinating encephalomyelitis induced by a long-term corona virus infection in rats. A preliminary report.
84  amnioinfusion
(13 times)
Obstetrics
(9 times)
AMIPROM (2 times)
MAS (2 times)
MSAF (2 times)
1995 The impact of a policy of amnioinfusion for meconium-stained amniotic fluid.
85  anaphase I
(13 times)
Reproductive Medicine
(3 times)
GV (6 times)
MI (5 times)
TI (5 times)
1990 Timing of sequential changes in chromosome configurations during the 1st meiotic division of pig oocytes cultured in vitro.
86  artificial intelligence-based
(13 times)
Biosensing Techniques
(2 times)
COVID-19 (2 times)
app (1 time)
BMU (1 time)
2019 The Correlation between Vehicle Vertical Dynamics and Deep Learning-Based Visual Target State Estimation: A Sensitivity Study.
87  accumulation index
(12 times)
Pharmacology
(6 times)
AUC (3 times)
LMV (2 times)
MBV (2 times)
1994 Comparison of single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics using clinical bioequivalence data and Monte Carlo simulations.
88  acetabular inclination
(12 times)
Orthopedics
(9 times)
LCEA (7 times)
PAO (4 times)
ACEA (2 times)
2011 Defining a reference range of acetabular inclination and center-edge angle of the hip in asymptomatic individuals.
89  adhesion index
(12 times)
General Surgery
(4 times)
PADA (3 times)
LC (2 times)
AMI (1 time)
1987 [Effect of antibiotics on Candida adhesion to epitheliocytes].
90  aging index
(12 times)
Vascular Diseases
(2 times)
DPA (5 times)
DI (3 times)
EEI (3 times)
1999 Use of biogenic amines to evaluate spoilage in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and whiting (Merlangus merlangus).
91  alveolar-interstitial
(12 times)
Environmental Health
(7 times)
ET (3 times)
HRT (2 times)
HRTM (2 times)
2001 Dose to lung from inhaled tritiated particles.
92  anterior insular cortex
(12 times)
Neurology
(3 times)
ACC (2 times)
DLPFC (2 times)
DMN (2 times)
2010 The role of anterior insular cortex in social emotions.
93  Apathy Inventory
(12 times)
Neurology
(3 times)
NPI (4 times)
AD (3 times)
MMSE (3 times)
2007 Striatal dopamine transporter levels correlate with apathy in neurodegenerative diseases A SPECT study with partial volume effect correction.
94  association-induction
(12 times)
Biophysics
(8 times)
PM (2 times)
AIH (1 time)
EMOC (1 time)
1982 The cellular resting and action potentials: interpretation based on the association-induction hypothesis.
95  adaptation index
(11 times)
Pharmacology
(1 time)
4-AP (2 times)
BCF (2 times)
DI (2 times)
2000 Responses of tracheobronchial receptors to inhaled furosemide in anesthetized rats.
96  Adoptive immunotherapy
(11 times)
Neoplasms
(5 times)
IL-2 (2 times)
LAK (2 times)
LEV (2 times)
1977 Follow-up of the first (1962) pilot study of active immunotherapy of acute lymphoid leukaemia: a critical discussion.
97  affective instability
(11 times)
Psychiatry
(6 times)
BPD (4 times)
ALS (2 times)
AA (1 time)
2012 Social context of anger in borderline personality disorder and depressive disorders: findings from a naturalistic observation study.
98  alcohol intoxication
(11 times)
Substance-Related Disorders
(3 times)
CI (2 times)
ED (2 times)
ABL (1 time)
1988 Heavy drinking and accidents--a prospective study among men of working age.
99  analgesic intolerance
(11 times)
Allergy and Immunology
(6 times)
AIA (2 times)
CRS (2 times)
NSAIDs (2 times)
2000 From analgesic intolerance to analgesic induced asthma: are there some determinants?
100  anthropometric indices
(11 times)
Tropical Medicine
(3 times)
BMI (3 times)
BC (2 times)
WC (2 times)
1994 Observations on nocturnal activity and man biting habits of malaria vectors, Anopheles fluviatilis, An. annularis and An. culicifacies in the hill tracts of Koraput District, Orissa, India.