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Abbreviation: ALD
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Long forms: 197

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Long Form No. Long Form Research Area Co-occurring Abbreviation PubMed/MEDLINE Info. (Year, Title)
atomic layer deposition
(1919 times)
Nanotechnology
(557 times)
XPS (80 times)
TMA (56 times)
CVD (44 times)
2000 Atomic layer deposition of oxide thin films with metal alkoxides as oxygen sources
alcoholic liver disease
(1814 times)
Gastroenterology
(484 times)
NAFLD (207 times)
HCC (136 times)
HCV (79 times)
1978 Profiles of serum complement in patients with hepatobiliary diseases.
adrenoleukodystrophy
(519 times)
Neurology
(171 times)
VLCFA (95 times)
AMN (78 times)
VLCFAs (25 times)
1974 Adreno-leukodystrophy (sex-linked Schilder's disease). A pathogenetic hypothesis based on ultrastructural lesions in adrenal cortex, peripheral nerve and testis.
alcohol-associated liver disease
(493 times)
Gastroenterology
(167 times)
NAFLD (58 times)
AUD (49 times)
LT (49 times)
1980 Autoantibodies against liver-specific membrane lipoprotein in acute and chronic liver diseases: studies on organ-, species-, and disease-specificity.
aldosterone
(326 times)
Pharmacology
(40 times)
PRA (80 times)
Ang II (57 times)
ANP (39 times)
1981 [Response of several adrenal steroids to rapid ACTH stimulation test in essential hypertension and primary aldosteronism (author's transl)].
anterior latissimus dorsi
(123 times)
Physiology
(50 times)
PLD (46 times)
MHC (14 times)
PM (13 times)
1967 Fast and slow muscles of the chick after nerve cross-union.
aldolase
(97 times)
Biochemistry
(13 times)
LDH (40 times)
CK (15 times)
MDH (13 times)
1967 [Behavior of aldolase (ALD) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in prolonged observation of panirradiated rabbits].
alendronate
(50 times)
Dentistry
(12 times)
BMD (7 times)
DOX (5 times)
BIC (3 times)
2004 Alendronate may protect against increased periodontitis-related bone loss in estrogen-deficient rats.
advanced liver disease
(31 times)
Gastroenterology
(7 times)
CI (4 times)
HCC (4 times)
HCV (4 times)
1997 Nutritional support in advanced lung disease. The pulmonary cachexia syndrome.
10  autoimmune liver disease
(24 times)
Gastroenterology
(7 times)
AIH (9 times)
PBC (8 times)
PSC (6 times)
2004 The nuclear pore complex protein Tpr is a common autoantigen in sera that demonstrate nuclear envelope staining by indirect immunofluorescence.
11  approximate lethal dose
(14 times)
Toxicology
(7 times)
NOAEL (4 times)
SD (3 times)
1,2,4,5-tetraBB (1 time)
1986 Estimation of acute oral toxicity in rats by determination of the approximate lethal dose rather than the LD50.
12  apoptosis-like death
(13 times)
Biochemistry
(3 times)
ROS (7 times)
PCD (2 times)
AMPs (1 time)
2012 Two programmed cell death systems in Escherichia coli: an apoptotic-like death is inhibited by the mazEF-mediated death pathway.
13  anterior latissimus dorsi muscle
(11 times)
Physiology
(4 times)
PLD (2 times)
Ant. AP (1 time)
AP (1 time)
1974 The formation of synapses in reinnervated and cross-reinnervated striated muscle during development.
14  adjacent level degeneration
(10 times)
Orthopedics
(7 times)
TDR (6 times)
ROM (3 times)
ACDF (2 times)
2006 Range of motion and adjacent level degeneration after lumbar total disc replacement.
15  average lens density
(10 times)
Ophthalmology
(7 times)
NC (3 times)
NO (3 times)
BCVA (2 times)
2002 Wavefront analysis in eyes with nuclear or cortical cataract.
16  aldehyde dehydrogenase
(9 times)
Microbiology
(4 times)
ACS (2 times)
ADH (2 times)
1,2-DCA (1 time)
2005 Novel carotenoid oxidase involved in biosynthesis of 4,4'-diapolycopene dialdehyde.
17  autologous latissimus dorsi flap
(9 times)
General Surgery
(9 times)
LDI (4 times)
FACT-B (2 times)
IBR (2 times)
2007 Triamcinolone reduces seroma re-accumulation in the extended latissimus dorsi donor site.
18  acute liver damage
(8 times)
Endocrinology
(4 times)
GO (4 times)
AG (1 time)
AIH (1 time)
2005 Nitric oxide synthases inhibition results in renal failure improvement in cirrhotic rats.
19  adjacent level disease
(8 times)
Orthopedics
(4 times)
TDA (3 times)
DDD (2 times)
IHA (2 times)
2011 Factors affecting the incidence of symptomatic adjacent-level disease in cervical spine after total disc arthroplasty: 2- to 4-year follow-up of 3 prospective randomized trials.
20  alcoholic fatty liver disease
(8 times)
Gastroenterology
(4 times)
NAFLD (5 times)
CTRP3 (2 times)
AMPK (1 time)
2012 Validation of liver fibrosis biomarker (FibroTest) for assessing liver fibrosis progression: proof of concept and first application in a large population.
21  arch length discrepancy
(8 times)
Orthodontics
(5 times)
CP (2 times)
LII (1 time)
MP (1 time)
1995 [Guided tooth eruption via serial extraction].
22  acute liver disease
(6 times)
Hormones
(2 times)
CLD (3 times)
LT (2 times)
PT (2 times)
2000 Need for liver transplantation in Indian children.
23  adjustable-loop device
(6 times)
Orthopedics
(3 times)
ACL (3 times)
FLD (3 times)
KOOS (2 times)
2016 Biomechanical Evaluation of an Adjustable Loop Suspensory Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Fixation Device: The Value of Retensioning and Knot Tying.
24  admixture linkage disequilibrium
(6 times)
Genetics
(4 times)
GA (2 times)
AM (1 time)
CGF (1 time)
2000 Population structure in admixed populations: effect of admixture dynamics on the pattern of linkage disequilibrium.
25  aldicarb
(6 times)
Chemistry
(2 times)
ACh (1 time)
AD (1 time)
CQDs (1 time)
1995 In vitro comparison of aldicarb oxidation in various food-producing animal species.
26  anterior lamina cribrosa depth
(6 times)
Ophthalmology
(6 times)
IOP (3 times)
LC (3 times)
LT (3 times)
2013 Evaluation of lamina cribrosa in pseudoexfoliation syndrome using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography enhanced depth imaging.
27  autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease
(6 times)
Hematology
(3 times)
ALPS (3 times)
PCD (2 times)
ALPS I (1 time)
1997 Deficiency of the Fas apoptosis pathway without Fas gene mutations in pediatric patients with autoimmunity/lymphoproliferation.
28  acetolactate decarboxylase
(5 times)
Microbiology
(2 times)
ALS (3 times)
2,3-BDO (1 time)
ACK (1 time)
1999 A general method for selection of alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase-deficient Lactococcus lactis mutants to improve diacetyl formation.
29  anterior laminar depth
(5 times)
Ophthalmology
(3 times)
LC (4 times)
ONH (2 times)
ALC (1 time)
2018 Optic nerve head cupping in glaucomatous and non-glaucomatousoptic neuropathy.
30  assistive listening device
(5 times)
Nursing
(2 times)
ADRO (1 time)
MHINT (1 time)
SRT (1 time)
1990 Assistive listening device versus conventional hearing aid in an elderly patient: case report.
31  Augmented low-Dye
(5 times)
Sports Medicine
(2 times)
EMG (1 time)
HPO (1 time)
MLD (1 time)
2009 Continual use of augmented low-Dye taping increases arch height in standing but does not influence neuromotor control of gait.
32  acral lick dermatitis
(4 times)
Psychiatry
(2 times)
OCD (2 times)
CG (1 time)
LEDs (1 time)
1998 Fluoxetine treatment of acral lick dermatitis in dogs: a placebo-controlled randomized double blind trial.
33  adjusted lung density
(4 times)
Pulmonary Medicine
(2 times)
COPD (3 times)
AA (1 time)
ACEIs (1 time)
2019 DSP variants may be associated with longitudinal change in quantitative emphysema.
34  advanced lithium disilicate
(4 times)
Dentistry
(2 times)
LD (2 times)
CEREC (1 time)
GIC (1 time)
2022 In Vitro Mastication Simulation and Wear Test of Virgilite and Advanced Lithium Disilicate Ceramics.
35  alcohol dependence
(4 times)
Psychiatry
(2 times)
EEG (2 times)
PFC (2 times)
TMS (2 times)
2000 Social phobia in a population-based female adolescent twin sample: co-morbidity and associated suicide-related symptoms.
36  angular limb deformity
(4 times)
Veterinary Medicine
(3 times)
CT (1 time)
ICC (1 time)
2009 Congenital tibial deficiencies: treatment using the Ilizarov's external fixator.
37  arithmetic learning disabilities
(4 times)
Psychology
(4 times)
ARLD (1 time)
AWP (1 time)
LD (1 time)
1991 Working memory in children with specific arithmetical learning difficulties.
38  accelerated longitudinal design
(3 times)
Statistics as Topic
(1 time)
MRI (1 time)
2006 Individual and population penalized regression splines for accelerated longitudinal designs.
39  acetaldehyde
(3 times)
Antioxidants
(1 time)
BBB (1 time)
BMVECs (1 time)
CE (1 time)
2004 Involvement of acetaldehyde in seed deterioration of some recalcitrant woody species through the acceleration of aerobic respiration.
40  acute liver dysfunction
(3 times)
Medical Informatics
(1 time)
ADVOS (1 time)
CS (1 time)
HM (1 time)
2016 Computer-assisted expert case definition in electronic health records.
41  ad libitum
(3 times)
Gastroenterology
(1 time)
EP (1 time)
PD (1 time)
RD (1 time)
2010 Auerbach plexus structure with NADH histochemistry in a line of obese rats: effects of dietary restriction.
42  affection de longue duree
(3 times)
Neurology
(1 time)
CI (1 time)
CNAMTS (1 time)
COPD (1 time)
2013 The effectiveness gap in COPD: a mixed methods international comparative study.
43  alcohol delamination
(3 times)
Ophthalmology
(2 times)
RCES (2 times)
MDFP (1 time)
PTK (1 time)
2010 Alcohol delamination in the treatment of recurrent corneal erosion: an electron microscopic study.
44  alcoholics develop liver disease
(3 times)
Medicine, Chinese Traditional
(1 time)
ASH (1 time)
AST (1 time)
JLHD (1 time)
2001 Preventing gut leakiness by oats supplementation ameliorates alcohol-induced liver damage in rats.
45  aldehyde
(3 times)
Science
(1 time)
AO (1 time)
CAT (1 time)
CL (1 time)
2012 Intracellular NADPH levels affect the oligomeric state of the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
46  aldrin epoxidase
(3 times)
Toxicology
(2 times)
ECOD (2 times)
EH (2 times)
EROD (2 times)
1989 Difference between species in response to a 3,5-dichloropyridyloxyphenoxy compound: induction of cytochrome P-450 and/or peroxisome proliferation.
47  Alendronate sodium
(3 times)
Pharmacology
(3 times)
GI (1 time)
PDI (1 time)
PEG (1 time)
2008 The absorption of (99m)Tc-alendronate given by rectal route in rabbits.
48  alternate-day
(3 times)
Nephrology
(3 times)
MPGN (2 times)
FSMPGN (1 time)
MLD (1 time)
1995 Idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in Japanese children.
49  anoxic limestone drain
(3 times)
Environmental Health
(3 times)
LD (3 times)
AMD (2 times)
LF (2 times)
2005 Bioremediation of acid mine drainage: an introduction to the Wheal Jane wetlands project.
50  arginosuccinate lyase deficiency
(3 times)
Brain
(1 time)
OTC (2 times)
ASD (1 time)
ASS (1 time)
2001 Inherited metabolic disorders in Thailand--Siriraj experience.
51  Aspirin-like drugs
(3 times)
Allergy and Immunology
(2 times)
BQ (1 time)
1991 Aspirin-like drugs prime human T cells. Modulation of intracellular calcium concentrations.
52  atopic-like dermatitis
(3 times)
Veterinary Medicine
(3 times)
AD (2 times)
CAD (1 time)
CADESI (1 time)
2015 Food allergens inducing a lymphocyte-mediated immunological reaction in canine atopic-like dermatitis.
53  ATP-binding cassette, subfamily D
(3 times)
Cell Death
(1 time)
ZT (1 time)
2008 Steroid hormones control circadian Elovl3 expression in mouse liver.
54  axillary lymph node dissection
(3 times)
General Surgery
(2 times)
PV (1 time)
SNB (1 time)
2003 [Disability and lymphedema].
55  alcohol-dependent liver disease
(2 times)
Biological Science Disciplines
(1 time)
ACC (1 time)
ADH (1 time)
AMPKalpha (1 time)
2020 Changing indications for liver transplant: slow decline of hepatitis viruses in Italy.
56  Alcohol-induced chronic liver disease
(2 times)
Chemistry, Clinical
(1 time)
FN (1 time)
PIIIP (1 time)
1989 Procollagen III peptide and fibronectin in alcohol-related chronic liver disease: correlations with morphological features and biochemical tests.
57  alcohol-related cirrhosis
(2 times)
Gastroenterology
(1 time)
HC (1 time)
2017 Dysfunctional neutrophil effector organelle mobilization and microbicidal protein release in alcohol-related cirrhosis.
58  alcoholic-related disease
(2 times)
Gastroenterology
(2 times)
HCC (1 time)
JSH (1 time)
LC (1 time)
2019 Transition in the etiology of liver cirrhosis in Japan: a nationwide survey.
59  aldosine
(2 times)
Medicine
(2 times)
DES (2 times)
HPLC (2 times)
ISDES (2 times)
1996 Age-related alteration of cross-linking amino acids of elastin in human aorta.
60  aldosterone levels
(2 times)
General Surgery
(1 time)
PRA (3 times)
RAAS (2 times)
AII (1 time)
1991 [The effects of dopamine on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system after extracorporeal circulation].
61  alloxan diabetes
(2 times)
Physiology
(2 times)
L-NNA (1 time)
LP (1 time)
NO (1 time)
2014 [Effect of the alloxane diabetes on the cardio-vascular system function and lipid peroxidation in rats of different genetic strains].
62  Amiodarone lung disease
(2 times)
General Surgery
(2 times)
EP (1 time)
LH (1 time)
2008 Nodular amiodarone lung disease.
63  Amniotic Leak Detector
(2 times)
Health Services
(1 time)
EAC (1 time)
NICE (1 time)
PROM (1 time)
2015 Vision Amniotic Leak Detector (ALD) to Eliminate Amniotic Fluid Leakage as a Cause of Vaginal Wetness in Pregnancy: A NICE Medical Technology Guidance.
64  anaerobic liquid digestate
(2 times)
Natural Science Disciplines
(1 time)
AD (1 time)
OMW (1 time)
UF (1 time)
2020 Effect of iron and magnesium addition on population dynamics and high value product of microalgae grown in anaerobic liquid digestate.
65  annular ligament displacement
(2 times)
Pediatrics
(2 times)
--- 2002 Recurrent nursemaid's elbow (annular ligament displacement) treatment via telephone.
66  aortic luminal diameter
(2 times)
Vascular Diseases
(1 time)
BTAI (1 time)
CTA (1 time)
ICC (1 time)
2011 Assessment of elastase-induced murine abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison of ultrasound imaging with in situ video microscopy.
67  arithmetic learning disorder
(2 times)
Neurology
(1 time)
ADHD (1 time)
2005 Selective effect of inhibition of literal or numerical irrelevant information in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or arithmetic learning disorder (ALD).
68  Aspirin-like defect
(2 times)
Hematology
(2 times)
AA (2 times)
CT (1 time)
PAR (1 time)
2008 Clinical and laboratory phenotypes associated with the aspirin-like defect: a study in 17 unrelated families.
69  associated liver disease
(2 times)
Liver Diseases
(2 times)
AUD (1 time)
LDLT (1 time)
US (1 time)
2023 Epidemiology and Disease Burden of Alcohol Associated Liver Disease.
70  asymmetric Laplace distribution
(2 times)
QR (2 times)
ARDL (1 time)
EM (1 time)
2017 Quantile regression in linear mixed models: a stochastic approximation EM approach.
71  asymmetric linkage disequilibrium
(2 times)
Genetics
(1 time)
--- 2014 Conditional asymmetric linkage disequilibrium (ALD): extending the biallelic r2 measure.
72  atomic layer deposition method
(2 times)
Biophysics
(1 time)
DTP (1 time)
EDS (1 time)
HF (1 time)
2016 Towards refractive index sensitivity of long-period gratings at level of tens of µm per refractive index unit: fiber cladding etching and nano-coating deposition.
73  Aucklandia lappa Decne
(2 times)
Neoplasms
(1 time)
ALDE (1 time)
2016 Evaluation of Aucklandia lappa Decne extracts as antiulcer activity in animals.
74  autoclaved Leishmania donovani
(2 times)
Parasitology
(2 times)
ALM (1 time)
DTH (1 time)
PC (1 time)
2003 Prophylactic potential of autoclaved Leishmania donovani with BCG against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
75  autophagic-lysosomal degradation
(2 times)
Pharmacology
(1 time)
ERAD (3 times)
ER (2 times)
NAFLD (1 time)
2007 Cellular proteolytic systems in P450 degradation: evolutionary conservation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to mammalian liver.
76  axial length difference
(2 times)
Ophthalmology
(1 time)
ALS (1 time)
BMPS (1 time)
CI (1 time)
2017 Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Retinal Detachment after Pediatric Cataract Surgery.
77  axillary lymphadenectomy
(2 times)
Women's Health
(1 time)
ALND (1 time)
BCSS (1 time)
BCT (1 time)
2021 Total Tumor Load of mRNA Cytokeratin 19 in the Sentinel Lymph Node as a Predictive Value of Axillary Lymphadenectomy in Patients with Neoadjuvant Breast Cancer.
78  abbreviated larval development
(1 time)
Biology
(1 time)
PLD (1 time)
2009 Evolution of life history traits in Asian freshwater prawns of the genus Macrobrachium (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) based on multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis.
79  ability of daily living
(1 time)
Complementary Therapies
(1 time)
--- 2006 [A randomized controlled trial of acupuncture treatment of acute ischemic stroke].
80  Academy of Laser Dentistry
(1 time)
Dentistry
(1 time)
--- 2005 Laser safety officer: a vital role for dental assistants.
81  acetaldehyde-injected
(1 time)
Pulmonary Medicine
(1 time)
AHR (1 time)
AS (1 time)
Df (1 time)
2012 Acetaldehyde at a low concentration synergistically exacerbates allergic airway inflammation as an endocrine-disrupting chemical and as a volatile organic compound.
82  acetylleptinidine
(1 time)
Genetics
(1 time)
BSA (1 time)
CAPS (1 time)
dw (1 time)
2003 Identification of molecular markers associated with leptine in reciprocal backcross families of diploid potato.
83  achieved lenticule diameter
(1 time)
Ophthalmology
(1 time)
CG (1 time)
FOZ (1 time)
FS-LIKE (1 time)
2022 Achieved Lenticule Diameter and Functional Optical Zone in Hyperopic Eyes After Lenticule Intrastromal Keratoplasty.
84  acinar longest diameter
(1 time)
Ophthalmology
(1 time)
AUD (1 time)
ICs (1 time)
IPL (1 time)
2017 Changes in the Meibomian Gland After Exposure to Intense Pulsed Light in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) Patients.
85  aconite root and honey-processed liquorice
(1 time)
Pharmacology
(1 time)
IBJ (1 time)
SND (1 time)
2018 The influence of compatibility of Si-Ni decoction with metabolism in intestinal bacteria on transports of toxic diterpenoid alkaloids from processed aconite root across Caco-2 monolayers.
86  acquired language disorder
(1 time)
Neurology
(1 time)
CG (1 time)
CVD-G (1 time)
2005 [Cerebrovascular disease: language acquisition in preschool children].
87  acquired lipodystrophy
(1 time)
Endocrinology
(1 time)
APL (1 time)
GVHD (1 time)
HOMA-Rs (1 time)
2019 Acquired partial lipodystrophy with metabolic disease in children following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a report of two cases and a review of the literature.
88  activated lymphocyte-derived
(1 time)
Allergy and Immunology
(1 time)
SAP (1 time)
SLE (1 time)
2011 Macrophage differentiation and polarization via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-ERK signaling pathway conferred by serum amyloid P component.
89  active layer facing draw solution
(1 time)
Biology
(1 time)
ALF (1 time)
FO (1 time)
IP (1 time)
2019 Removal of trace organic contaminants by melamine-tuned highly cross-linked polyamide TFC membranes.
90  activities of energy metabolism was investigated in slow anterior
(1 time)
Cell Biology
(1 time)
CPK (1 time)
LDH (1 time)
MDH (1 time)
1986 Effect of spinal cord stimulation on the metabolism of developing latissimus dorsii muscles in chick embryo.
91  actual LD
(1 time)
Biology
(1 time)
IQT (1 time)
LD (1 time)
SLD (1 time)
2020 Validation of low-dose lung cancer PET-CT protocol and PET image improvement using machine learning.
92  actual living donor
(1 time)
Medicine
(1 time)
ESRD (1 time)
PLDs (1 time)
2011 Living kidney donor transplants over a 16-year period in South Africa: a single center experience.
93  Acute laryngeal dystonia
(1 time)
Clinical Medicine
(1 time)
--- 2020 Risperidone-Induced Acute Laryngeal Dystonia: A Case Report.
94  acute lethal dose
(1 time)
Chemistry
(1 time)
RDX (1 time)
2003 Dietary oral exposure to l,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus).
95  acute low-dose group
(1 time)
Cardiovascular Diseases
(1 time)
AHD (1 time)
SAHD (1 time)
SALD (1 time)
2019 Acute and Subacute Effects of Low Versus High Doses of Standardized Panax ginseng Extract on the Heart: An Experimental Study.
96  ad libitum diet
(1 time)
Medicine
(1 time)
AMBP (1 time)
AT (1 time)
BP (1 time)
1997 Effect of long-term blood pressure control on salt sensitivity.
97  Addison's disease, diagnosis of Adrenoleukodystrophy
(1 time)
Medicine
(1 time)
MRI (1 time)
2010 Two brothers with X linked adrenoleukodystrophy.
98  adenoma with low-grade dysplasia
(1 time)
Neoplasms
(1 time)
AHD (1 time)
CRC (1 time)
HC (1 time)
2017 Low HtrA1 expression in patients with long‑standing ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer.
99  adenoma-like
(1 time)
Diagnostic Imaging
(1 time)
DALMs (1 time)
GE (1 time)
IBD (1 time)
2007 Variability in the diagnosis and management of adenoma-like and non-adenoma-like dysplasia-associated lesions or masses in inflammatory bowel disease: an Internet-based study.
100  adenoma-like dysplasia
(1 time)
Gastrointestinal Diseases
(1 time)
ALM (1 time)
IND (1 time)
LGD (1 time)
2008 The present status and problems with diagnosis and management of dysplasia/colitic cancer in ulcerative colitis.