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Abbreviation: RNA
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Long forms: 214

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Long Form No. Long Form Research Area Co-occurring Abbreviation PubMed/MEDLINE Info. (Year, Title)
ribonucleic acid
(2524 times)
Bacteriology
(368 times)
DNA (460 times)
HCV (124 times)
mRNA (95 times)
1953 Evidence for the conversion of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to ribonucleic acid (RNA) in Epistylis articulata From. (Ciliata: Peritricha).
radionuclide angiography
(159 times)
Cardiology
(78 times)
LV (33 times)
EF (32 times)
LVEF (20 times)
1979 Noninvasive assessment of hemodynamic effects of mitral valve commissurotomy during rest and exercise in patients with mitral stenosis.
renal nerve activity
(67 times)
Physiology
(37 times)
HR (17 times)
AP (7 times)
MAP (7 times)
1982 Two types of hypotensive effect of beta-blocking agents.
RNA-seq
(54 times)
Molecular Biology
(8 times)
AS (4 times)
NGS (3 times)
APA (2 times)
2010 SNP discovery in the bovine milk transcriptome using RNA-Seq technology.
renal sympathetic nerve activity
(29 times)
Neurology
(15 times)
HR (11 times)
AP (7 times)
MBP (4 times)
1981 Identification of the primary afferent fiber group and adequate stimulus initiating the trigeminal depressor response.
RNAseq
(7 times)
Genetics
(2 times)
ARF5 (1 time)
CAD (1 time)
CLP (1 time)
2012 Rapid turnover of long noncoding RNAs and the evolution of gene expression.
renal
(5 times)
Physiology
(3 times)
AdNA (2 times)
FTG (2 times)
SAP (2 times)
1992 Spatial and temporal differing control of sympathetic activities during hemorrhage.
renal nerve ablation
(5 times)
Pharmacology
(3 times)
CKD (1 time)
OCT (1 time)
SNS (1 time)
2012 Clinical studies of renal nerve ablation. Unanswered questions for its efficacy and safety.
RNA by Northern
(5 times)
Molecular Biology
(3 times)
EF1-alpha (1 time)
HTLV-I (1 time)
IGF-I (1 time)
1990 Sequence analysis and expression of the two genes for elongation factor 1 alpha from the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans.
10  rRNA and tRNA
(5 times)
Molecular Biology
(3 times)
mtDNA (1 time)
PCR (1 time)
1982 Control of rRNA and tRNA syntheses in Escherichia coli by guanosine tetraphosphate.
11  rRNA, tRNA
(5 times)
Bacteriology
(4 times)
--- 1972 "Compartmentalization" of Escherichia coli ribosomes and ribonucleic acid.
12  RNA activity
(4 times)
Biochemistry
(2 times)
CK (1 time)
MDH (1 time)
SDS-PAGE (1 time)
1982 Muscle protein synthesis in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. A possible role for corticosterone in the insensitivity to insulin infusion in vivo.
13  radionuclide
(3 times)
Nuclear Medicine
(1 time)
CAG (1 time)
LBBB (1 time)
MI (1 time)
1982 Sequential regional phase mapping of radionuclide gated biventriculograms in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia: close correlation with electrophysiologic characteristics.
14  reverse transcription-PCR and Northern
(3 times)
Allergy and Immunology
(2 times)
BARF0 (1 time)
EBV (1 time)
EPEC (1 time)
1995 Products of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli inhibit lymphocyte activation and lymphokine production.
15  RNA alpha
(3 times)
Molecular Biology
(2 times)
--- 1993 Regulation of the expression of bacterial iron transport genes: possible role of an antisense RNA as a repressor.
16  RNA interference or RNA-i
(3 times)
Science
(1 time)
nau (1 time)
RNA-i (1 time)
1999 Targeted disruption of gene function in Drosophila by RNA interference (RNA-i): a role for nautilus in embryonic somatic muscle formation.
17  RNA was analyzed by Northern
(3 times)
Virology
(3 times)
EAV (1 time)
LDV (1 time)
1991 Characterization of multiple mRNA species of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaques in a CD4+ lymphoid cell line.
18  RNA-sequencing
(3 times)
Natural Science Disciplines
(1 time)
cfDNA (1 time)
DNA (1 time)
EVs (1 time)
2016 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Gene Fusion: Detection in Malignant Pleural Effusion by RNA or PNA Analysis.
19  RNase A
(3 times)
Biochemistry
(1 time)
--- 1980 Isolation and characterization of a ribonuclease activity specific for double-stranded RNA (RNase D) from Krebs II ascites cells.
20  RNases
(3 times)
Virology
(1 time)
DNA (3 times)
2012 Interaction of nuclease colicins with membranes: insertion depth correlates with bilayer perturbation.
21  rns and rnl
(3 times)
PCGs (3 times)
tRNA (3 times)
2020 Complete mitochondrial genome of Tolypocladium sp. YFCC 1805002 isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Baima Snow Mountain, Southwestern China.
22  R-Psi-sgRNA
(2 times)
Biochemistry
(2 times)
--- 2007 Non-sequence specific RNA inhibition of HIV-1 replication.
23  rapid needs assessment
(2 times)
Medicine
(1 time)
GoK (1 time)
LMIC (1 time)
MMR (1 time)
2013 Organizational HIV monitoring and evaluation capacity rapid needs assessment: the case of Kenya.
24  reaction
(2 times)
General Surgery
(1 time)
ddPCR (1 time)
miR-125a (1 time)
MLV (1 time)
2012 Upregulation of proapoptotic microRNA mir-125a after massive small bowel resection in rats.
25  real-time polymerase chain reaction
(2 times)
Gastroenterology
(1 time)
CXCR (1 time)
PGE2 (1 time)
PGs (1 time)
2004 IP-10-induced recruitment of CXCR3 host T cells is required for small bowel allograft rejection.
26  recurrence network analysis
(2 times)
Science
(2 times)
Dst (1 time)
RQA (1 time)
2018 Temporal organization of magnetospheric fluctuations unveiled by recurrence patterns in the Dst index.
27  Relational Neurobehavioral Approach
(2 times)
Rehabilitation
(1 time)
ABI (1 time)
SNF (1 time)
2016 The relational neurobehavioral approach: can a non-aversive program manage adults with brain injury-related aggression without seclusion/restraint?
28  reporter gene fusions and Northern
(2 times)
Molecular Biology
(1 time)
PIP (1 time)
XcvT (1 time)
1992 Characterization of a regulatory network that controls sigma B expression in Bacillus subtilis.
29  Ribonucleic Acids
(2 times)
Science
(1 time)
--- 1964 [INHIBITION OF SPLENIC ACID DESOXYRIBONUCLEASE (DNASE II) BY RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS (RNA)].
30  ribosomal biogenesis
(2 times)
Physiology
(1 time)
RET (2 times)
VL (2 times)
IGF (1 time)
2016 Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age-related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans.
31  risk/need assessment
(2 times)
Behavioral Sciences
(2 times)
JPOs (1 time)
YLS/CMI (1 time)
2012 Probation officers' perceptions of youths' risk of reoffending and use of risk assessment in case management.
32  RNA concentration
(2 times)
Nutritional Sciences
(1 time)
CD4 (1 time)
FDR (1 time)
FSR (1 time)
1996 Relationship of protein synthesis to mRNA levels in the liver of chicks under various nutritional conditions.
33  RNA interference
(2 times)
Biochemistry
(1 time)
RHBDD1 (1 time)
2006 Molecular characterization of Trypanosoma brucei P-type H+-ATPases.
34  RNAemia
(2 times)
Communicable Diseases
(1 time)
COVID-19 (2 times)
SARS-CoV-2 (2 times)
CPT (1 time)
2020 Detectable Serum Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Load (RNAemia) Is Closely Correlated With Drastically Elevated Interleukin 6 Level in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
35  RNase L ciRNA
(2 times)
Molecular Biology
(2 times)
OASes (1 time)
RNase L (1 time)
2008 A viral RNA competitively inhibits the antiviral endoribonuclease domain of RNase L.
36  RNase P RNA
(2 times)
Microbiology
(1 time)
GBR (1 time)
1993 Small stable RNAs in Mycoplasma capricolum.
37  robotic navigation aid
(2 times)
EKF (1 time)
IMU (1 time)
PAVIO (1 time)
2016 6-DOF Pose Estimation of a Robotic Navigation Aid by Tracking Visual and Geometric Features.
38  rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA
(2 times)
Biochemical Phenomena
(1 time)
--- 2018 Interaction of rRNA with mRNA and tRNA in Translating Mammalian Ribosome: Functional Implications in Health and Disease.
39  1964-Ribonucleic acid
(1 time)
Bacteriology
(1 time)
--- 1964 ACCUMULATION OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID IN BACTERIAL NUCLEAR PREPARATIONS DURING TREATMENT OF WHOLE CELLS WITH 8-AZAGUANINE, TETRACYCLINES, AND OTHER INHIBITORS.
40  B12-retro-riboswitches, in which an appended
(1 time)
Chemistry
(1 time)
Co--N (1 time)
2008 B12-retro-riboswitches: guanosyl-induced constitutional switching of B12 coenzymes.
41  Down-regulation of Bax by small interference
(1 time)
Neoplasms
(1 time)
Apo2L (1 time)
PARP (1 time)
TRAIL (1 time)
2003 Apoptosis induction in prostate cancer cells and xenografts by combined treatment with Apo2 ligand/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and CPT-11.
42  H-ras by Southern and Northern
(1 time)
Cell Biology
(1 time)
--- 1988 H-ras activation in benign and self-regressing skin tumors (keratoacanthomas) in both humans and an animal model system.
43  HCV-RNA
(1 time)
Health Services
(1 time)
Ab (1 time)
HCV (1 time)
2017 Identifying cost-effective screening algorithms for active hepatitis C virus infections in a high prevalence setting.
44  high-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis and Northern
(1 time)
Virology
(1 time)
HSV-1 (1 time)
LATs (1 time)
1996 Evidence that two latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1 are nonlinear.
45  MCF-related mRNAs on the basis of Northern
(1 time)
Virology
(1 time)
MCF (1 time)
MuLV (1 time)
1988 Potential progenitor sequences of mink cell focus-forming (MCF) murine leukemia viruses: ecotropic, xenotropic, and MCF-related viral RNAs are detected concurrently in thymus tissues of AKR mice.
46  micro-ribonucleic acid
(1 time)
Neoplasms
(1 time)
ccRCC (1 time)
MTS (1 time)
2013 Dicer is down-regulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and in vitro Dicer knockdown enhances malignant phenotype transformation.
47  morphology, nucleic acid type
(1 time)
Allergy and Immunology
(1 time)
MK (1 time)
1981 A new candidate type of human enterovirus (Drilon strain) isolated in the Philippines.
48  Mx-related mRNAs migrating on Northern
(1 time)
Virology
(1 time)
IFN (1 time)
1988 A family of interferon-induced Mx-related mRNAs encodes cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins in rat cells.
49  protein-ribonucleic acid
(1 time)
Medical Informatics
(1 time)
PDB (1 time)
2019 Protein-ensemble-RNA docking by efficient consideration of protein flexibility through homology models.
50  rabbit globin mRNA
(1 time)
Science
(1 time)
--- 1973 Translation of rabbit hemoglobin meessenger RNA in vitro with purified and partially purified components from brain or liver of different species.
51  radial neck axis
(1 time)
General Surgery
(1 time)
AFR (1 time)
AP (1 time)
2003 A radiographic study of proximal radius anatomy with implications in radial head replacement.
52  radial nutrient artery
(1 time)
Anatomy
(1 time)
UNA (1 time)
2017 Anatomic characterization of the radial and ulnar nutrient arteries in humans.
53  radioactivity associated with the macromolecular fraction
(1 time)
Molecular Biology
(1 time)
--- 1992 Golden hamster embryonic genome activation occurs at the two-cell stage: correlation with major developmental changes.
54  radionuclide images
(1 time)
Nuclear Medicine
(1 time)
--- 1986 Verification of Fourier phase and amplitude values from simulated heart motion using a hydrodynamic cardiac model.
55  radionuclide ventricular function study
(1 time)
Vascular Diseases
(1 time)
DCM (1 time)
ECG (1 time)
1984 Non-invasive predictors of short and long-term survival in dilated cardiomyopathy.
56  radionuclide ventriculography
(1 time)
Cardiology
(1 time)
ECHO (1 time)
ICD (1 time)
LRs (1 time)
2010 Limitations in the current screening practice of assessing left ventricular ejection fraction for a primary prophylactic implantable defibrillator in southern Ontario.
57  rainbow trout and mice, Northern
(1 time)
Cell Biology
(1 time)
HMG (1 time)
1995 A gene that is related to SRY and is expressed in the testes encodes a leucine zipper-containing protein.
58  ranges, such as Nodoviridae
(1 time)
PSU (1 time)
ssDNA (1 time)
2017 The Baltic Sea Virome: Diversity and Transcriptional Activity of DNA and RNA Viruses.
59  rapid nutrition assessment
(1 time)
Nutritional Sciences
(1 time)
OR (1 time)
SMART (1 time)
2020 Factors associated with acute malnutrition among children 6-59 months in rural Mozambique.
60  rapidly identifying nucleic acid
(1 time)
Biochemistry
(1 time)
CD (1 time)
F-Neo (1 time)
ITC (1 time)
2019 A fluorescent aminosugar to rapidly screen and study RNA binders.
61  rat liver and yeast
(1 time)
Biochemistry
(1 time)
--- 1979 An improved rapid enzymatic method of RNA sequencing using chemical modification.
62  rat seminiferous epithelium followed by Northern
(1 time)
Cell Biology
(1 time)
GAD (1 time)
1990 Expression of the neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase in male germ cells.
63  rate (SGR) and biochemical condition
(1 time)
Environmental Health
(1 time)
PS (1 time)
SGR (1 time)
2023 The costs and trade-offs of optimal foraging in marine fish larvae.
64  rate of DNA
(1 time)
EBB (1 time)
EBUS-GS (1 time)
EBUS-TBNA (1 time)
2021 Suitability of Bronchoscopic Biopsy Tissue Samples for Next-Generation Sequencing.
65  rate or somatic (Fulton's condition factor) or biochemical-based condition
(1 time)
Zoology
(1 time)
--- 2014 Standard metabolism and growth dynamics of laboratory-reared larvae of Sardina pilchardus.
66  rate was equalized, each concentration of FU
(1 time)
Neoplasms
(1 time)
5-FU (1 time)
1992 Enhancement of cytotoxicity by hyperthermia after a long-term culture with 5-fluorouracil in transformed cells.
67  rates, condition index or cellular turnover
(1 time)
Medicine
(1 time)
--- 2013 Juvenile king scallop, Pecten maximus, is potentially tolerant to low levels of ocean acidification when food is unrestricted.
68  ratio of arbitrary absorbance units
(1 time)
Cell Biology
(1 time)
ATII (1 time)
MnSOD (1 time)
1994 Manganese superoxide dismutase expression in alveolar type II epithelial cells from nonventilated and hypoperfused lungs.
69  readily quantitated by Northern
(1 time)
Microbiology
(1 time)
--- 1994 A transcriptional reporter for in vivo promoter analysis in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii.
70  real-time fluorescence based protocol, which detects the viral genome
(1 time)
--- 2021 Real-time Fluorescence Measurement of Enterovirus Uncoating.
71  real-time quantitative RT-PCR
(1 time)
Biochemistry
(1 time)
BM (1 time)
eNOS (1 time)
VEGF (1 time)
2004 The effects of betamethasone (BM) on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in adult baboon femoral arterial endothelial cells.
72  reared for varying periods, growth, morphometric (Fulton's K) and biochemical
(1 time)
Zoology
(1 time)
--- 2010 Interactive effects of food quality, temperature and rearing time on condition of juvenile black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri.
73  rearrangements and PAX8-PPARgamma translocations
(1 time)
Internal Medicine
(1 time)
FC (1 time)
HCC (1 time)
PCR (1 time)
2014 Mutation profile of differentiated thyroid tumours in an Australian urban population.
74  recA transcript above basal levels as determined by Northern
(1 time)
Bacteriology
(1 time)
--- 1989 Regulation of expression and nucleotide sequence of the Anabaena variabilis recA gene.
75  recent growth were hepatic
(1 time)
SGR (1 time)
2010 Biochemical indices as correlates of recent growth in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas).
76  recognizable in plasma
(1 time)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(1 time)
PBMC (1 time)
2007 Dynamics of drug-resistant HIV-1 in plasma and peripheral blood cells in patients during and after enfuvirtide therapy.
77  recognizes a single 2.4-kb mRNA in Northern
(1 time)
Cell Biology
(1 time)
ODC (1 time)
1992 Ornithine decarboxylase gene of Neurospora crassa: isolation, sequence, and polyamine-mediated regulation of its mRNA.
78  recombinant in Canada with discordant HIV viral load
(1 time)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(1 time)
--- 2008 Short communication: identification of a novel HIV type 1 subtype H/J recombinant in Canada with discordant HIV viral load (RNA) values in three different commercial assays.
79  recorded simultaneously SNA to the kidney
(1 time)
Physiology
(1 time)
SNA (1 time)
1995 Baroreflex attenuation after hypotension induced by vena caval occlusion in anesthetized dogs.
80  recording of sympathetic nerve activity to the kidney
(1 time)
Neurology
(1 time)
--- 1996 Changes in tissue blood flow and sympathetic activities to various organs during prolonged hemorrhagic hypotension in monkeys.
81  recurrent laryngeal nerve activity
(1 time)
Medicine
(1 time)
ParaRNA (1 time)
PNA (1 time)
2005 Parasympathetic neural control of canine tracheal smooth muscle.
82  reductions in muscle protein contents, protein synthetic capacities
(1 time)
Biochemistry
(1 time)
DP (1 time)
2001 Skeletal muscle protein loss due to D-penicillamine results from reduced protein synthesis.
83  refer to DNA
(1 time)
Biology
(1 time)
left (1 time)
2000 Special factors in biological strings.
84  reference adaptive step
(1 time)
Natural Science Disciplines
(1 time)
MPPT (1 time)
PV (1 time)
RBA (1 time)
2023 Recursive bit assignment with neural reference adaptive step (RNA) MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic system.
85  refractory status epilepticus with the presence of SARS-CoV-2
(1 time)
Neurology
(1 time)
CSF (1 time)
MRI (1 time)
NORSE (1 time)
2021 COVID-19-related refractory status epilepticus with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 (RNA) in the CSF: a case report.
86  regions, and Northern
(1 time)
Bacteriology
(1 time)
--- 1997 Xanthine metabolism in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of the xpt-pbuX operon and evidence for purine- and nitrogen-controlled expression of genes involved in xanthine salvage and catabolism.
87  registered nurse anesthetists
(1 time)
Anesthesiology
(1 time)
WHO (1 time)
2015 Swedish Nurse Anesthetists' Experiences of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist.
88  registered nursing associate
(1 time)
Nursing
(1 time)
--- 2023 Regulation and the scope of practice of the RNA role.
89  regulated by iron, as determined by Northern
(1 time)
Bacteriology
(1 time)
2,3-DHBA (1 time)
1994 Chromosome-mediated 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a precursor in the biosynthesis of the plasmid-mediated siderophore anguibactin in Vibrio anguillarum.
90  regulation of emc mRNA was confirmed by northern
(1 time)
Biochemistry
(1 time)
--- 1998 Down regulation of extramacrochaetae mRNA by a Drosophila neural RNA binding protein Rbp9 which is homologous to human Hu proteins.
91  regulation of lef-3 transcription was studied by Northern
(1 time)
Virology
(1 time)
m.u (1 time)
ORFs (1 time)
1993 Identification, sequence, and transcriptional mapping of lef-3, a baculovirus gene involved in late and very late gene expression.
92  regulation of the AcMNPV fgf, vfgf, by Northern
(1 time)
Virology
(1 time)
AcMNPV (1 time)
Fgfs (1 time)
2005 Stimulation of cell motility by a viral fibroblast growth factor homolog: proposal for a role in viral pathogenesis.
93  regulation of the SAP mRNAs as determined by Northern
(1 time)
Bacteriology
(1 time)
SAP (1 time)
1995 Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases: isoenzyme pattern is determined by cell type, and levels are determined by environmental factors.
94  relatedness of three GBR strains by means of Northern
(1 time)
Virology
(1 time)
GBR (1 time)
1992 Identification of cognate genes among heterologous strains of group B rotavirus.
95  relationship between cell-free
(1 time)
Medicine
(1 time)
MTCT (1 time)
2013 Cell-free (RNA) and cell-associated (DNA) HIV-1 and postnatal transmission through breastfeeding.
96  relative abundance was Saccharomyces
(1 time)
CSFB (1 time)
FG (1 time)
2020 Profiling the composition and metabolic activities of microbial community in fermented grain for the Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu production by using the metatranscriptome, high-throughput 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencings.
97  Relative Noise Amplification
(1 time)
Physiology
(1 time)
--- 1982 On precision limits for derivatives numerically calculated from noisy data.
98  release an 'active ribozyme' tailored to destroy a target gene
(1 time)
Biochemistry
(1 time)
--- 1990 Construction of a novel artificial-ribozyme-releasing plasmid.
99  release of uridine
(1 time)
Parasitology
(1 time)
--- 1978 Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of Trypanosoma cruzi: the release of tritium-labelled RNA, DNA and protein.
100  released when the parasites are lysed, whereas uridine
(1 time)
Parasitology
(1 time)
--- 1978 Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of Trypanosoma cruzi: the release of tritium-labelled RNA, DNA and protein.